This three part article on Elimar was inspired by David Cain's short mention here. I want to thank Elimar's daughter, Robyn, for taking the time to chat with me about her father. A lot of the information comes from official documents in the Australian Government Archives and newspaper accounts.
Elimar Clemens Buschmann was born in Cologne Germany on
November 18, 1917, to August Buschmann and Martha Meuller. He was the third and
youngest son of the couple.
When he was 14, just before the Nazis came to power, Elimar
left school, apparently against the wishes of his parents. He later told an
Australian newspaper that he ran away to join the circus.
‘My parents found me already launched on a tight rope
walking career and took me back home. They made me promise never to walk a wire
again. However, when they found how interested I was, they released me from my
promise and facilitated the study I have given to wire walking.’
It seems that Elimar was a wire walker before being a juggler.
He found his first employment locally in Cologne, Dusseldorf and in other towns
close to home, but his first international tour was to Switzerland.
After this he began touring Europe, he claimed to have
performed in France, the United States, and shared beer with the King of
Denmark. In Australia he told the press
an exciting story about an adventure in Budapest where he was abducted and
forced to impersonate a local prince.
‘Once I got used to the idea it was good fun- until a
frantic girl, probably one of the prince’s discards, burst into the palace with
a gun’
Elimar claimed to have been injured by one of the three
shots she fired, but fortunately he survived the ordeal. The journalist reporting this story doubted
its veracity, but enjoyed its telling, proving that Elimar, even at a young
age, was a skilled raconteur.
Elimar from an early programme.
What is true is that in 1938 he was performing at the
Palladium in London. In January the next year he was back in Germany and
obtaining an exemption from military service from the government. Elimar was
sending money to his parents regularly, and he believed this was the reason the
government gave him an exemption.
He returned to England in 1939. There was lots of war talk
at the time but Elimar, at 22 years old and obsessed with his career, thought
little of it. When performing in London
in April, he was spotted by Australian Frank Neil, who ran the Tivoli circuit.
Neil booked Elimar for an Australian tour at around 50 pounds a week. The fair
haired, 6 foot tall, lightly built young German juggler was on his way to
Australia and was enthusiastic and excited about the adventure.
He left England in August 1939 on the Moloya. It was an
eventful journey. On September 3, whilst Elimar was at sea, England declared
war on Germany and Australia declared war the same day. The next port of call
for the Moloya was Bombay, India, a British Colony, where Elimar and the other
German passengers were interned for three weeks. The internment policy at that
time was quite relaxed, so the internees were released to continue their
journey to Australia after signing a document stating that they would take no
action to harm the British Empire. But
more drama ensued when Elimar got into an argument with a fellow passenger
about lights. Due to war time restrictions, all sea traffic had to travel in
darkness, so there were strict rules about smoking on board and lights in the
cabins. Elimar claimed that he had chastised a refugee for smoking in the open,
while others claimed that Elimar had ignored the order to dim the lights in his
cabin. The facts were disputed, but the German juggler and enemy alien was reprimanded,
and a record was kept of the incident.
He finally arrived in Australia in October 1939. For the first
three weeks he stayed in Melbourne and relaxed, then he appeared on the Tivoli
stage in November. He performed in a revue called, Carry On. The act was very
well received by the Tivoli audience.
He started on the
floor, proving to be a skilled juggler with his feet on the ground, then moved
to a slack wire and astonished the crowd with his abilities. Amongst his feats
were juggling 8 hoops whilst balancing on one leg, and the highlight, standing
on the loose rope, swinging a hoop on one leg, balancing a ball on a stick
suspended from his mouth, and juggling eight hoops at the same time. The
newspapers called him a ‘juggling genius’ and the ‘world’s greatest juggler on
a wire’. His feats were described as ‘truly miraculous’ and he was touted as
being ‘the only man in the world who has achieved what hitherto was termed
impossible.’
He spent five weeks at the Tivoli in Melbourne and six weeks
performing in Sydney. Tragedy struck the Tivoli circuit in January the next
year, when Frank Neil, the man who had hired Elimar, died, and new management
took over the theatre chain. Yet the performances continued. In February 1940
he juggled in Queensland at the Regent Theatre, entertaining between movies, in
March he appeared in South Australia, but it seems his Tivoli contract expired
shortly afterwards.
Elimar was a German alien in an Australia at war. Almost
immediately after war was declared, the Australian authorities had rounded up and
interned known fascists and members of the local Nazi party. Other enemy
aliens, including visitors such as Elimar, were subjected to stringent rules.
He was obliged to inform the authorities when he left the police district or
travelled more than 5 miles from his lodging, was required to visit the local
police station regularly and sign yet another document stating that he would
not do anything detrimental to the British Empire. However, in general, the
Australian government was quite casual about enemy aliens. There was no urgency
to intern them as facilities and money were an issue, and the authorities felt
that their round up of German fascists, who they had been watching for some
time, was sufficient to keep the country secure.
In April 1940, Elimar disobeyed the rules. He was lodging at
the Alexandra Hotel in Melbourne and reporting to the local police station as
required. One Monday after fulfilling his duty he was drinking at the hotel,
when his friend, George Nichols, Australian comedian, and fellow Tivoli performer,
invited him to go to Dimboola to shoot quail. Elimar thought this was a great
idea and spent almost a week in the country with George and a group of Germans,
to whom, on George’s advice, he posed as Danish. They
had an enjoyable trip and went to the annual military ball. However, when
Elimar returned to his hotel in Melbourne that Friday, a detective was waiting
for him. He was arrested and interned at Tatura internment camp for not informing
the authorities of his movements.
He was swiftly released and after paying a 10 pound fine,
was free to perform again.
Elimar from a newspaper 1940
In May 1940 he was touring Queensland with George Sorlie, a
local vaudevillian and aspiring impresario. Also on the tour were several local
performers including Buddy Morley, who was infatuated with Dawn Butler, a teenager,
who assisted Elimar during his act. They toured the north of Queensland under a
canvas tent and the group was warmly welcomed and applauded every night.
In Brisbane in July, Elimar gave an interview to a local
paper, where he claimed to be Danish, and told the story of being abducted in
Budapest.
That month, Elimar was happily performing with little care
for events in the outside world. But the situation with the Allies had changed,
the phoney war was over, and it was becoming increasingly real to Australians. Germany
had invaded Denmark, and France had signed an armistice with the Nazis. The Allies
situation looked bleak and somebody in the performing arts community did not
think Elimar was fully supporting their effort.
‘Actors’ in the vaudeville community reported him to the
authorities. Apparently Elimar had said ‘you will all be speaking German soon’,
had openly made comments supporting Germany, and was having arguments about the
war with fellow performers. Elimar
subsequently denied these allegations and suggested that professional jealousy
may have caused some ill will. His salary was enormous compared to the wages of
local performers. However, the
authorities decided that there was enough evidence of Nazi sympathies, and he
was detained again.
In July, he was arrested in Brisbane and interned in
Gaythorne internment camp, where he remained until October. From there he was transported to Tatura
internment camp in Victoria. He was to spend the next six years in Tatura as a
prisoner of the Australian government.
