Welcome

 Welcome to Threw the Hat,  a blog about Australian Juggling History.

Here you will find links to photos and articles/stories about Australian Jugglers and those who visited Australia..

You can search the site or browse the tags on the right hand side if you are looking for a particular juggler.

Please credit the site if you are using any information you find here

Enjoy your visit and feel free to contact me if you have any questions or comments

Leann

Cinquevalli on the right. (author's collection) 

Rosa Lee, Equestrian Juggler, in Australia and New Zealand 1879/1880

 Some of the earliest jugglers in Australia were circus jugglers. In the 19th Century, the circus jugglers, many of them women, juggled props on horseback. The horse galloped around the ring, and the juggler, precariously balanced on the bareback horse, juggled various props to the delight of the audience.

The English Lee family, which was internationally famous, were noted exponents of juggling on horseback. The patriarch of the family, Henry C Lee married three times and had 16 children. At least three of these children, Polly, Levater and Rosa were equestrian jugglers.

Rosa and Levater came to Australia and New Zealand in 1879/1880 with Chiarini’s Circus. On this tour Rosa was the featured juggler. 

Rosa Lee was born in the United States in 1862, to Henry and his second wife Juliet. Rosa was born in a circus and born to be a circus performer. Her elder sister Polly was a juggler on horseback and Rosa followed in her footsteps.

In 1879/1880, Rosa, her brother Levater, and her father, Henry, featured in Chiarini’s Circus’ tour of Australia and New Zealand. 

In New Zealand Rosa rode a bareback horse and juggled knives, plates and balls whilst it galloped around the ring. Rosa’s feats were considered the finest display of equestrianism ever seen in the colony.  Her feats were described as ‘Indian juggling’ but this referred more to her use of knives rather than clubs. There is no record of Rosa juggling clubs on horseback in Australasia. 

Rosa juggled three and four balls in the air, she juggled three knives from hand to hand, she juggled two balls in one hand whilst spinning plates in the other, she also juggled flaming torches. In addition she balanced plates on a knife and held the  knife in her mouth as the plate teetered upon it. She was an extremely talented juggler. As an encore she did gymnastic feats on horseback.

Most of the New Zealand critics raved about her performance, but there were a couple of naysayers.

One was convinced she was a man pretending to be a woman. This was due to a controversy in December 1879, when after a rapturous round of applause, Rosa, with youthful enthusiasm, she was only 17, did a couple of somersaults after alighting from her horse. The critic looked on in horror;

‘and then she did an act which was unfeminine and ungraceful. She turned several somersaults and then, being applauded by a section of the audience, repeated the indelicacy. This, at once, to our mind proved that the woman was no woman at all, but a boy or a young man.’

In Wanganui ,another critic also derided this extra show of somersaults, but did not question Rosa’s gender, merely saying that ‘ her vanity was in excess of her ability.’

Rosa attracted less attention when the circus came to Australia later in 1880. In June, the Sydney papers called her one of the ‘cleverest jugglers ever seen here.' In July she was still finishing her act with somersaults but the Australian press did not deem them unladylike or vain. Perhaps she had changed her costume or the Australian press were less judgmental than their New Zealand counterparts? In Australia she was considered one of many high class acts, including brother Levater, in the show.

After leaving Australia, Rosa left Chiarinis. She had a very long career in the circus and performed professionally until aged in her 50s. She spent a lot of time in the United States, married, and died in Los Angeles in 1952. 

Club Juggling in Australia- a short history.

 This is just a very brief discussion about club juggling in Australia and 

an opportunity to look at the evolution of props 

and style between 1890s-1940s.

A brief overview of club juggling in Australia (a work in progress)

It seems that club juggling came to Australia around the late 1800s and

South Australians were some of its earliest exponents. Most of these

displays were in small venues such as Town Halls or private functions

and in the context of Indian club swinging. Some early examples were

Mr George Steel/e in Adelaide in 1889 and Mr Soutar in the same year.

Whether this was club juggling as understood today, or just two club

twirling is unknown.

Marizles Wirth of the Wirth Circus family is traditionally said to have

juggled clubs on horseback.She certainly juggled a lot of other things,

plates, balls and lighted flambeaux, as a horse cantered beneath her. This

was as early as 1886. Her sister Madeline, at the same time, was

swinging Indian clubs, so it's entirely possible that Marizles juggled them too.

An interesting note is that in her diary, Marizles talks of getting new props

made in Adelaide. It seems the city had a significant juggling community

in the late 19th Century.

Below is a picture of Marizles.

One of the earlies club jugglers in an Australian theatre was John Pamplin,

a performer with Orpheus McAdoo's Georgia Minstrels. John, like Marizles

was a skilled juggler who specialised in juggling guns whilst dressed as a

Zouave. There are newspaper reports of him juggling Indian clubs at the Theatre

Royal in Adelaide in November 1899. In later years he was a noted club juggler,

which supports the idea that he was one of the the first people to juggle clubs on

an Australian stage.

It is difficult to find pictures of John because the individual members of 

touring minstrel groups were rarely identified. Below are two photos. One a

group shot and another a pair. The first seems to show a man in a white

hat with possibly a gun- perhaps this is John? The second shows the same man

with what could be an axe? I could be mistaken

 Is this John Pamplin in Australia in 1899?

Americans, Derenda and Breen came to Australia in 1902 and introduced club
passing to the Australian theatrical world. From that time passing became a

staple of the Australian vaudeville circuit.

Local club passing acts started appearing in the theatres after their visit. Lennon, Hyman

and Lennon were early Australian club passers and here they are in 1906.

By 1910 there were many Australian club jugglers.

The Kavanaghs and the Creightons were examples and they soon

took their acts to the US.

Some jugglers remained in Australia.  Carl Bracken of the Bracken family

included a passing act as part of the family travelling show.

His partner was Frank Uren, of later Frank, Lank and Alice fame. 

Here they are  in 1912. This picture is courtesy of a family member

Used with permission, please don't reproduce it.

Frank Uren and Carl Bracken, c.1912

Photo courtesy of the Uren/Thomas family private collection.

Passing provided more opportunities for women to perform

with clubs and Frank, Lank and Alice were a passing trio who

appeared during the early years of the First World War. They

were Victorians.Alice later became a well known and loved dance

instructor in Melbourne. She also married Frank. 

The popularity of club passing continued into the 1920s

when the Littlejohns sparkled up their clubs and maintained a

solid juggling career for over a decade. Frank Littlejohn

made his own clubs and patented the design for

his sparkling props. Frank always included women in

his act.

Above Frank's patent

Below- in costume (1920s)

A famous club passing duo of the 1930s in Queensland

were the McIvor sisters who were filmed in Brisbane in 1935.

Their father was a juggler who taught the girls at an early age.

Their career as adults was relatively short,

but very memorable.  Here is a bad copy of the video. It is apparently

one of the earliest known videos of women passing.

During the late 30s club passing and club juggling

continued its popularity, but opportunities for performance

declined due to competition from movies and the consequent

decrease in vaudeville performances and popularity.

But of course there were still club jugglers.

In 1940 PIX magazine published pictures of Ossie Delroy, a circus legend and

Jimmy Wallace juggling in Sydney. Jimmy was ‘the’ juggler in Australia

for about two decades. He grew up in Marrickville in inner Sydney

and his father was a well known magician and puppeteer. 

Below Ossie and Jimmy in Pix Magazine 1940.

Ossie and Jimmy entertained the troops with their

club juggling during the war and the entertainment unit was

organised by another juggler, West Australian, Jim Collins.

- to be continued .........

This is what I've discovered so far...

and of course the research continues.

Feel free to comment etc...

.

A 20th Century Sydney Juggling Network or who knew who......

 Today many jugglers learn through watching youtube, instagram or facebook. Some learn through swapping ideas personally and attending juggling clubs. Before social media, the best way to learn new juggling tricks was through personal interaction, and there is an indication that many jugglers passed on their knowledge this way.

In 20th Century Sydney there was a group of jugglers who knew each other and through their connections, they probably did what jugglers do today. Swapped tricks, recommended each other for jobs, protected their skills, and promoted their art.

This brief discussion of the relationship between jugglers in Sydney is superficial. It focuses on who knew who rather than what particular tricks or styles were passed on. The latter is something that I will add later. For now, here is a network of jugglers who definitely knew each other.

This network starts with George Campbell. Campbell was an English juggler who came to Australia in 1906 with Wombwells circus. His partner in the circus was Charlie Jarvis. The duo split up.  Campbell remained in Australia and married Ella Airlie, who wrote the famous Australian Pantomime The Bunyip which featured a juggling trio, Frank, Lank and Alice.

After splitting with Campbell, Jarvis teamed up with a young Victor Martyn who married Maude Florence. The pair had two children, Decima and Topper. Both children became famous jugglers overseas, although Topper was better known as a magician. 

Returning to George Campbell ;  He wrote an interesting letter that outlined the conditions for jugglers in the USA in the early 20th Century.

Campbell and Airlie split up when Ella had an affair with the boss. George in the 1920s teamed up with Herbert Beaver in the Cockatoo Farm Company. Beaver was from New South Wales and was a juggler.

Herbert Beaver eventually became the manager of radio station 2KY where a young Jimmy Wallace, a juggler, won a talent competition. 

Jimmy Wallace was a child progeny. He had contact with many jugglers. He trained with Ossie Delroy and definitely knew Jimmy Creighton, who he regarded as Australia’s best juggler.

 

Moreover, Jimmy was involved in the Waratah Company. A World War 2 entertainment troupe put together by juggler J J Collins. In this company Wallace,juggled with Ossie Delroy and Jim Creighton. Both famous Australian jugglers who had started on the Tivoli Circuit in the early 1900s. J J Collins, of course, who organised this rabble of jugglers, was a Western Australian juggler. 

This is just a preliminary indication of who knew who in the early 20th Century, presumably there were many more jugglers in the network. The chart below is a visual representation of it.

Nabekichi and Theresa Mayeda- Risley artists- (foot jugglers)

Nabekichi Mayeda, with his wife Theresa toured Australia with Wirth's Circus for almost 3 years in the late 1930s. During that time, Nabekichi was the victim of an accident and almost lost his life.

Nabekichi Mayeda, Japanese foot juggler was born in Japan in either 1893 or 1894.

He started performing in England in 1918 as one of the Kobes Troupe. They were balancers, barrel jugglers, and risley artists- (foot jugglers). They performed consistently in England for almost 10 years. 

In 1928, Mayeda married Theresa Grinda. It was Theresa's second marriage. She was an English woman, her maiden name was Oakford,  born in 1901. Her first husband was an American actor, but the marriage was short lived.

Shortly after their marriage they travelled to Germany and toured Europe for a long period.

In March 1936, Theresa and Nabekichi arrived in Fremantle to start a tour of Australia with Wirth’s Circus. There were four them in the party, including Theresa. They toured under the name the four Kobes with Nabekichi as the spokesperson.

In an interview upon arrival, Mr Mayeda was described as standing less than 5 foot tall, with a wiry figure and an engaging personality. He told the interviewer that he had left Japan with a music hall troupe in 1901. They travelled to Russia and then to Europe arriving in England just before the start of World War One in 1914. Immediately before touring Australia, he and Theresa had been performing in  Germany.  During the interview , Nabekichi admitted that he had some trouble holding onto money and therefore had not revisited Japan since leaving. 

The other two men in the troupe were probably Charles Chinn and George Bradley. Theresa acted as an assistant in the act. The three men, being Asian, were closely watched by Australian authorities whilst touring.

Their act consisted of ladder balancing and foot juggling. They juggled parasols with their feet and balanced each other on the top of ladders.  The highlight was Nabekichi walking up a rope at a 90 degree angle and calmly sliding down backwards just attached by his toes holding an umbrella. 

They travelled all over the country from Western Australia to Victoria to New South Wales. They visited country towns and cities and everywhere they went, the Kobes were described as sensational, wonderful and brilliant. They were obviously a very professional, well drilled troupe.

Theresa and Nabekichi stayed with Wirths when they travelled to New Zealand and by 1938 they were in South Australia.

On their first day in Clare, Nabekichi was out with other members of the circus troupe, they were crossing the road, when suddenly, from nowhere, a car, driven by James Colin Maynard, a local man sped by and ran over Nabekichi.

He was seriously injured with a fractured skull and rushed to hospital. He was there for six weeks.

In December 1938 he took Maynard to court stating that he was familiar with English courts and was a Catholic so could swear on the bible and give truthful testimony. Nabekichi said that the troupe of three earned 27 pounds a week and of this, 21 pounds was his wage. He was described as well dressed and using perfect English by the reporter.

Maynard contended that he had sounded his horn when he saw Nabekichi step out onto the street, his mother supported this contention. 

The judge believed the local boy and Nabekichi lost the case and therefore had no hope of any compensation for his lost wages. 

By early 1939 Nabekichi had returned to Wirths and was performing as part of the ‘oriental’ Mayedas- by this time the relationship between Japan and the Commonwealth was deteriorating rapidly so Wirth's was not billing the troupe as Japanese.  

Nabekichi and Theresa left Australia in June 1939.

They stayed in England, but Nabekichi left for Japan in 1940 probably to avoid internment.

Theresa remained in her homeland until her death in 1980.

Nabekichi Mayeda was never heard from again. 

Sydney Jugglers in the early years....training grounds and meeting places.

     In the early years, Sydney jugglers would train at a place called the sandhills which was located near the current site of Moore Park. The area was used for many years as a place for informal sports, circus activities and informal play. Apparently when the vaudeville acrobats and jugglers would practice, the locals would turn up for some free entertainment, particularly on Sundays.

The sandhills- c1900, City of Sydney Archives

This training ground was used until just after the First World War.

When jugglers were unemployed they would hang around Poverty Point on the corner of Pitt and Park Streets near the Criterion Theatre (near the current Criterion Hotel). The theatre agents would pass by in their cars  and the vaudeville performers tumbled or juggled on the street trying to capture their attention for a gig.

Pitt and Park Streets in the 1930s- City of Sydney Archives

Poverty Point was a meeting place for vaudevillians until the 1940s. Across the road was the School of Arts and Andrade's Magic shop which would sell props and gadgets and all sorts of weird things.

Above was an agency run by a man called Percy Lodge- Once the best known female impersonator in Australia he was later known for  his 'colourful waistcoats'. Percy would occasionally send performers up to Queensland to work for his sister Minna. Unfortunately, Minna wasn't very good with paying wages.

 Percy at his retirement in 1951

Poverty Point was well known for decades as a meeting place for vaudevillians and out of work performers. Next time you walk on the corner of Pitt and Park, spare a thought for those people, juggling, tumbling, laughing and gossiping, waiting for the next gig to come along......

                          

Hal the Jesting Juggler, his many names and mishaps with Cinquevalli's cannonball trick.

 

Hal Brash was a prominent juggler in Australia in the early 20th Century. Everybody knew Hal, said the papers,but they never printed his picture. Hal used several names and travelled widely, he had many juggler friends but died unmourned at an early age.

Hal’s mother named him Almond, but his nickname was Hal. Almond Magor was born to Marie and William Magor in Ballarat Victoria in 1890. He had a brother, William and a sister, Blanche.

He started juggling in the local area, but when he was 19, according to Hal, he had a terrible accident while attempting  Cinquevalli’s cannon ball trick. 

Hal tried to catch a cannonball falling from above, on the back of his neck, but it fell in the wrong place, knocking him unconscious. He was stupefied for 14 days, but eventually recovered. Cinquevalli had popularised this trick using a fake cannonball, but perhaps the local jugglers did not realise this in 1909. Hal performed the trick throughout his career and had several mishaps, but he never gave it up.. 

Hal’s first notices  are dated around 1913 when he performed under the name Hal Brash, or Hal Brasch, with the Swifts Company, a small troupe that toured regional areas. Before 1913 there are references to juggling brothers called Brasche, but there is no evidence that Hal was one of them.   

Hal Brasch was the main attraction of the Swifst company. He was a very good juggler, who performed with ‘tennis rackets billiard balls and cues with graceful nonchalance.’ He also  balanced ‘a 38 pound cannon ball on the end of a rod … afterwards catching it on his shoulders from a height.’ Hal was a hit with the audiences in country New South Wales, and soon The Swifts company was too small for a man with his recognized talent.

Hal could, at times, be a bit of a hot head. One night, he and the comedian of the company, Will Dyson argued with one of the locals whilst visiting the pub. One of the theatricals allegedly knocked an old man off his seat and then Hal threatened another using  foul language. The victim drew a pistol and pointed it at Hal and Will. Both of the visitors were charged with menancing but the charges were dismissed. 

Sometime in 1913 Hal met Alice Abrahams, a pianist from Queensland. The two fell in love and in April that year they married in Brisbane. Hal used the name ‘Alexander’ Magor.  It was a quiet wedding as Alice was pregnant with their child, despite this the local papers recorded the event in their social pages.   

Meanwhile Hal’s juggling career in Queensland continued. He left the Swifts and began performing in various regional areas . That year he was with the American Vaudeville company performing in a café setting, the climax of his act was when cannon balls rolled down the roof of the café and Hal caught them on the back of his neck. According to the papers, he caught five cannonballs in seven seconds.  

In August 1914, Hal’s son, Alva Clarence Brasch Magor was born. Hal did not visit Alice that month and it soon became clear that he had no intention of living with her, or their son, again.

Later in 1914 Hal was touring the regions with a comedy singing and patter act and seemed to be actively avoiding Alice.

Alice, however, knew her rights, and in January 1915 she sued Hal for child support. The case was covered by the newspapers.  Alice claimed that she and Hal married in April 1914, lived together in May and July that year, and then he disappeared. She estimated Hal’s income as 7 pounds a week. The court awarded Alice 1 pound a week maintenance and 7 shillings a week for Alva.

In 1915 there are few references to Hal Brasch the juggler. Throughout 1916  several jugglers with variations on the name Hal appeared in the theatres, primarily in Victoria, Hal’s home state. Hal Browne or Brown a ‘versatile fellow’ and comedy juggler appeared with the ‘Merry Madcaps’ in March, in June Hal the ‘pattering juggler’ popped up, and in July Hal Brasch, Australia’s only talking juggler reappeared. Hal Magor, also briefly performed on the circuit. These variously named jugglers were almost certainly Hal Brasch/Magor, and he maintained a steady career at this time performing with regional touring groups, Clay’s theatres and Fullers.

Whilst Hal was dexterously juggling names and locations throughout Victoria, Alice was working as a clerk in Queensland to support herself and her son. In May 1916 Alice took her employer to court regarding wages. Alice claimed that the employer was paying below award rates. She won the case. 

In 1917 Hal travelled to New Zealand. It was there that he gained the name ‘Hal the jesting juggler’. By this time he was juggling clubs, tennis balls, racquets and concluding the act with the cannonball trick. In Hal’s version of the trick he dropped the cannon ball from a pole onto the upper part of his back. Hal was very successful and popular in New Zealand and it was his ‘quiet humour’ which made him so. He ‘gets there every time with his asides what time he is whirling his clubs in the air.’

After New Zealand Hal travelled for five years. He visited South Africa and India amongst other places. Traces of Hal’s travels are difficult to find as it seems he was attempting to avoid detection and may have travelled the world under various aliases. 

Alice moved to Sydney, she worked as a clerk during the day and as a pianist during the evenings. She continued to search for Hal. She asked his friends, she asked the theatre managers, she wrote to his mother, looking for her wayward husband. The friends said they had not seen him, the theatre managers denied knowing his location, and his mother refused to answer the letter. Alice was alone, earning three pounds a week and paying one pound 10 for rent, and 15 shillings a week for boarding school for her son. Alice said she had no assets except her clothes.

 In 1920 she co organized a musical evening in the city and in June that year, finally giving up on Hal, she filed for divorce. For the case to progress, Alice and her lawyer had to make an attempt to find Hal. They spent three months searching for him. Alice visited Fuller's Theatre office in Sydney and the clerk there told her they had not seen Hal for years, she met one of his friends and received the same answer. Alice’s lawyer wrote to Hal’s mother in Melbourne and received a response . According to Mrs Magor, her son had disappeared two and a half years prior, around the time he went to New Zealand, and had told her that he was going to India. Alice made depositions, her lawyer swore oaths and finally in July 1921 the divorce was granted. She gained full custody of her son and Hal was gone from her life forever. 

Soon afterwards, her negligent husband returned to Sydney. In September 1921 the trade newspaper announced that Hal Brasch, known as Hal the jesting juggler, was returning after a 5 year absence. His act, according to the announcement, was better than ever. In October he was performing for Fullers in Sydney 

Between November 1921 to February in New Zealand. During this tour he was praised for combining amusing patter with very skilled juggling. The finale of his act continued to be his variation of the Cinquevalli cannonball trick. 

In 1922 the Magor divorce was finalized. Hal with Tom Newall, known as Zeno the juggler, teamed up to form a duo called Kale and Coyle. They performed in South Australia, Victoria and Perth. In August that year, Hal had another accident while performing the cannonball trick. This time he injured his left arm, which was hanging limply in a sling as he wandered around Sydney. By September he was back at work and joined Percy Abbot, a magician, for an international tour. Abbott took Hal, Tom and a lady called Ivy Norton, amongst other Australians to India from Perth.

In India, according to Abbott, there was trouble in the combination  and Tom and Hal with Ivy left the troupe. The trio formed their own show. They were still in India in 1923 and Hal wrote a letter to the trade paper saying ‘ I am doing comic songs in addition to my regular work and find that the English people over here take to them very kindly.’

They were doing well, but trouble was on the horizon.Percy Abbott, a regular corespondent to the trades, advised that Ivy had split from Hal and Tom and was promoting a show for ‘distressed lady artists’. Ivy claimed that she was left stranded by Hal Brasch and Tom Newall in India. Percy Abbott suggested politely that the lady was fabricating her tale.. 

Hal remained in India until 1925 but returned to Melbourne in November that year. Perhaps he had yet another accident with the cannonball.  In 1927 he died at his mother’s house in Melbourne, the cause of death was general paralysis and exhaustion, he was 37 years old.

Alice remarried in 1924 and moved to England. Her son and her descendants remained there. Alice peacefully passed away in 1943, her son Alva married and had children and died in England in 1985.